Latest news

As 2024 draws to a close, we’ve been reflecting on all that our community has achieved over the last year, and feel inspired by what lies ahead in 2025.

16 December 2024

The RSM has issued a statement regarding a meeting which took place on Monday 16 December 2024.

06 December 2024

Professor Bola Owolabi, Director of the National Healthcare Inequalities Improvement Programme, NHS England, on the Tackling Health Inequalities programme

06 November 2024

Jacklin Kwan is the winner of the 2024 Sarah Hughes Trust Prize, awarded annually for new journalism that exposes false or misleading information in health or medicine. 

1 November 2024

The Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) has been ranked as one of the world’s top ten general medicine journals for the first time.

24 October 2024

Professor Gillian Leng CBE, President of the Royal Society of Medicine, has highlighted the importance of maintaining focus on the humans within the NHS – both staff and patients – and ensure compassion and care are built into any future plans for the health service.

17 October 2024

Individuals with multiple long-term conditions are two and a half times more likely to die following COVID-19 infection than others. 

17 October 2024

On Monday 11 November we’ll be celebrating the next generation of healthcare professionals at the annual Doubleday prize presentation evening. 

1 October 2024 

25 new Section Presidents will begin their terms at the Royal Society of Medicine today, the first day of the RSM’s new academic year. 

12 September 2024

Professor Gillian Leng CBE, President of the Royal Society of Medicine, has welcomed an independent review into the state of the NHS published today, while warning that difficult choices will have to be made to secure its future.

22 August 2024 

The RSM is establishing an academic home for aesthetics in the form of a new Section for Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery, in response to increased interest and scientific advances in the field.

05 August 2024

Professor Julia Manning has been appointed the next Dean of Education at the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM). She will take up her post on Monday 2 September 2024.

24 July 2024

Professor Gillian Leng CBE vowed to develop a forward-looking Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) as she was inaugurated as president at a ceremony last night (23 July 2024).

24 July 2024

Six leading figures became honorary fellows of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) yesterday evening (23 July 2024), in recognition of their contributions to health, healthcare or medicine.

17 July 2024

11 July 2024 

Contemporary developments in British medicine have concerning similarities to historical Soviet practices, a leading academic claims. 

17 June 2024

The Royal Society of Medicine extends warmest congratulations to those of our members who have been recognised in The King’s Birthday Honours List 2024. 

13 June 2024 

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) is deeply saddened to learn of the death of the ‘Father of Tamoxifen’, RSM Honorary Member and former President of the RSM Foundation, Professor V. Craig Jordan CMG, OBE, PhD, DSc, FMedSci. 

22 May 2024

Rare diseases, actually, are not rare at all. With an estimated more than 7,000 rare diseases affecting approximately 3.5 million people in the UK, they are collectively common, and so are relevant to every medical career. 

20 May 2024 

How one RSM life fellow is helping shed light on the father of immunology.

16 May 2024

RSM member Toral Shah is a nutritional scientist, integrative medicine practitioner and founder of The Urban Kitchen. For mental health awareness week 2024, she’s sharing with us her knowledge on food and mood, and how to eat well to support good brain health.  

13 May 2024

Doctors and other clinicians should carry out an audit of their time to address burnout in primary care, a leading GP has said. 

09 May 2024

How can we better help people living with chronic pain through community interventions? 

08 May 2024 

We are deeply honoured and proud that His Majesty King Charles III has been confirmed as the new Patron of the Royal Society of Medicine. 

03 May 2024

This week, members of the RSM Otology and Laryngology & Rhinology Sections come together to discuss the future of ENT.  

30 April 2024

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) has extended the opening hours of its library from today (30 April 2024).

24 April 2024

Meet the winners of this year’s prestigious Ellison-Cliffe Travelling Fellowships. 

17 April 2024

New research shows that ethnic minorities are underrepresented in studies into multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), despite being more likely to be affected.

20 March 2024

Dr Thelma Bates OBE, a palliative care pioneer, has left the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) a generous financial gift in her will.  

25 March 2024

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) will award honorary fellowships to leading figures in healthcare this summer. 

25 March 2024

There is a positive energy around the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) now as new projects start to pick up steam. 

06 March 2024

Professor Maggie Rae, President, and Dr Nicola Stingelin-Giles, council member, of the Epidemiology & Public Health Section, Royal Society of Medicine, on the Spring Budget 2024.

01 March 2024

The General Medical Council (GMC) should revise its terminology regarding international medical graduates (IMGs) in the UK, argues a new commentary published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM).

28 February 2024

Professor Mary Bishop was among the RSM leaders who helped to judge this year’s Queen’s Anniversary Prizes.

27 February 2024

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) has partnered with How To Academy to present a new series of events exploring the present and future of medicine and the biological sciences.

26 February 2024

Exclusive to RSM members, healthcare institutions can take part in a new research programme into the transformative potential of immersive learning.

09 February 2024 

One of the Royal Society of Medicine's remarkable strengths lies in its ability to assemble an extraordinary breadth of people with knowledge and expertise from across the healthcare spectrum. It is through this multi-sector collaboration that we can address significant questions and stimulate impactful change.  

06 February 2024

The President of the Royal Society of Medicine, Professor Roger Kirby, has told media outlets His Majesty The King speaking publicly about his cancer diagnosis has raised awareness about the importance of getting checked early for cancer. 

02 February 2024

The RSM offers many opportunities to medical students, trainees and other healthcare professionals to compete for prestigious prizes and awards throughout the year.

25 January 2024 

Former prime minister Theresa May has spoken about using jelly babies to manage her diabetes during her time in office.

18 January 2024 

The Royal Society of Medicine’s second annual Tackling Inequalities conference in partnership with NHS England closed with a clarion call from Professor Bola Owolabi imploring healthcare professionals to commit to collaborate to provide equitable healthcare access for all. 

15 January 2024

A team of researchers has developed a new scoring system for a nationwide scheme, overseen by the Advisory Committee on Clinical Impact Awards (ACCIA), to recognise and reward senior doctors and dentists in England and Wales.

 03 January 2024

The Royal Society of Medicine offers congratulations to those members who have been recognised in the New Year Honours List 2024. 

28 November

People with Long COVID use the health service significantly more than they did before their diagnosis. 

21 December 2023

As 2024 approaches, Royal Society of Medicine leaders share their thoughts on the coming year.

18 December 2023

Continuing our series of articles, we share insights from NHS England’s report on key learnings from our joint Tackling Inequalities conference in January 2023. The report has been published ahead of the upcoming second conference on 16 January 2024, which will focus on tackling inequalities through innovation and entrepreneurship. This article delves into the first conference's insights on addressing inequalities in chronic respiratory disease.

18 December 2023

Continuing our series of articles, we share insights from NHS England’s report on key learnings from our joint Tackling Inequalities conference in January 2023. The report has been published ahead of the upcoming second conference on 16 January 2024, which will focus on tackling inequalities through innovation and entrepreneurship. This article delves into the first conference's insights on prevention, with a focus on smoking cessation.

18 December 2023

Continuing our series of articles, we share insights from NHS England’s report on key learnings from our joint Tackling Inequalities conference in January 2023. The report has been published ahead of the upcoming second conference on 16 January 2024, which will focus on tackling inequalities through innovation and entrepreneurship. This article delves into the first conference's insights on addressing inequalities in hypertension case-finding.

18 December 2023

Continuing our series of articles, we share insights from NHS England’s report on key learnings from our joint Tackling Inequalities conference in January 2023. The report has been published ahead of the upcoming second conference on 16 January 2024, which will focus on tackling inequalities through innovation and entrepreneurship. This article delves into the first conference's insights on addressing inequalities in early cancer diagnosis.

18 December 2023

In a series of articles, we share insights from NHS England's new report on key learnings from our joint Tackling Inequalities conference in January 2023. The report has been published ahead of the upcoming second conference on 16 January 2024, which will focus on tackling inequalities through innovation and entrepreneurship. Hosted by the Royal Society of Medicine and NHS England, the first conference marked the launch of a multi-year programme tackling healthcare inequalities, focusing on Core20PLUS5's key clinical areas. This article delves into the conference's insights on addressing maternity inequalities.

18 December 2023

Continuing our series of articles, we share insights from NHS England’s report on key learnings from our joint Tackling Inequalities conference in January 2023. The report has been published ahead of the upcoming second conference on 16 January 2024, which will focus on tackling inequalities through innovation and entrepreneurship. This article delves into the first conference's insights on addressing inequalities in severe mental illness.

18 December 2023

As 2023 draws to a close, Royal Society of Medicine leaders share their thoughts on another momentous year in healthcare. 

15 December 2023 

The risk of death from COVID-19 decreases significantly after vaccination but this protection diminishes after six months, providing evidence for continued booster doses, a new study has found.  

07 December 2023

Journalist Helen Puttick received the 2023 Sarah Hughes Trust Prize at a special event hosted by the History of Medicine Society of the Royal Society of Medicine.

23 November 2023 

RSM public health experts dissect the UK government’s recent proposal to create a smokefree generation, ahead of a special Spotlight event on the topic on 5 December 2023.

22 November 2023 

An exploratory study has raised concerns about the increasing number of people in England and Wales whose bodies are discovered so late that they have decomposed.

03 November 2023

Three students were celebrated for winning the prestigious Doubleday Student Prize at the RSM Students Section’s prize presentation event earlier this week. 

20 October 2023

At the start of October, I underwent a knee reconstruction – too many marathons! – and I’m now having to get used to being off my feet. Anybody who knows me will know what a challenge that is! I am having to battle with the frustration of not being able to do the things I want to do.  

18 October 2023

Trailblazing surgeon and longstanding Royal Society of Medicine member, Professor Dame Averil Mansfield, has been recognised with a Lifetime Achievement award at this year’s Pride of Britain awards. 

12 October 2023

A number of healthcare professionals in the field of surgery were recently celebrated at the Royal Society of Medicine Surgery Section’s annual prize-giving event.

06 Oct 23

Helen Puttick, a specialist reporter for The Times in Scotland, has won the 2023 Sarah Hughes Trust Prize for journalism that exposes misleading health information.

03 October 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine has announced 29 new Section Presidents, whose terms started on 1 October 2023. 

01 October 2023 

This year’s theme is on sustainability and climate change and what libraries can do to promote green choices. To mark the week we have pulled together a list of resources on the topic of green healthcare held at the Royal Society of Medicine Library, accessible to RSM members.

29 September 2023 

Broadcasters should avoid focusing on alcohol in crowd shots during major sporting events, such as this summer’s Women’s World Cup final, say researchers.

28 September 2023 

A new President-Elect and three new Trustees will take up their roles at the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) next week.

27 September 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) has unveiled a bust of the trailblazing surgeon and healthcare leader Dame Clare Marx, who died last year. 

27 September 2023 

Dr Christopher Rajkumar, a cardiology registrar and researcher at Imperial College London, has won the Royal Society of Medicine Cardiology Section’s 2023 President’s Prize.

22 September 2023 

New research analysing the effects of two drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes indicates a consistent lack of cardiovascular and renal benefits in Black populations.

19 September 2023 

Professor Gillian Leng on what’s in store at the RSM for the 2023/24 academic year. 

12 September 2023 

More than a third of newly qualified doctors are leaving UK medical schools without any education on sexual misconduct specifically relating to the medical profession according to new research published by JRSM Open.

12 September 2023

To mark the start of the new academic year, two RSM Section Presidents have shared their ‘ear, nose and throat’ education programmes for the year ahead with the journal ENT & Audiology News.

11 September 2023

Leading figures in human and veterinary medicine gather at the Royal Society of Medicine to celebrate the concept of One Health.

04 September 2023

The Trustees of the Royal Society of Medicine are deeply saddened to convey the news that Professor Linda Luxon CBE, former Trustee and Honorary Treasurer of the RSM, died on Saturday 2 September.

01 September 2023

We’ve reviewed our communications approach to find a better balance between your busy lives and updating you about the latest developments at the RSM.

25 August 2023 

A new fund to fast-track patient access to potentially valuable new medicines may incentivise the pharmaceutical industry to develop high priced drugs for rare diseases with weak evidence on clinical benefits.

21 August 2023

Professor J. Stewart Cameron CBE, a hugely valued member of the RSM’s Nephrology Section, has died.

15 August 2023 

Our new Navigating Angry Conversations virtual reality (VR) module, developed in partnership with Bodyswaps, is now accessible online.

08 August 2023

1 Wimpole Street, the commercial arm and central London home of the Royal Society of Medicine, has been awarded the Green Meetings Bronze accreditation. This recognises the venue’s dedication to promoting environmental responsibility and sustainable practices.

02 August 2023

Dr Diwakar Ryali Sarma, Secretary Elect of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) Surgery Section Council, discusses ‘green surgery’ and the importance of environmentally friendly healthcare.

27 July 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) is pleased to announce the appointment of URP Healthcare as its preferred medical indemnity partner. 

26 July 2023

A recent event at the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) brought together menopause specialists to shed light on new research examining the relationship between menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and dementia.

26 July 2023

Compassionate regulation was a recurrent theme throughout a recent episode of the RSM’s In Conversation Live webinar series, with guest Professor Iqbal Singh CBE interviewed by RSM President Professor Roger Kirby.

20 July 2023

Scientists are urging caution before artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT are used in healthcare for ethnic minority populations.

17 July 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) has signed a partnership agreement with the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER) in India. 

17 July 2023

An exhibition of remarkable, unpublished letters by Edward Jenner, who pioneered the development of the world’s first vaccine, is set to open at the Royal Society of Medicine.

14 July 2023

Applications are invited for the prestigious 2024 Ellison-Cliffe Travelling Fellowship. 

13 July 2023

The RSM hosted a Members' reception, providing an opportunity for members to learn about benefits and new developments while networking and experiencing immersive technologies.

05 July 2023

Sir David Sloman, Chief Operating Officer of NHS England, talks about lifelong learning, how doctors at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary saved his life and looking forward to spending more time at the RSM when he retires from the NHS in September 2023.

29 June 2023

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine maintains top ranking among the world’s leading general medical journals.

27 June 2023

Professor Gillian Leng CBE has been elected the next President of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM). She will become President-Elect on 1 October 2023 and will take over as President from 23 July 2024, when Professor Roger Kirby, the current President, completes his term of office. 

26 June 2023

Clinicians, healthcare professionals, researchers, school students and charity sector representatives gathered at the Royal Society of Medicine on Tuesday 20 June 2023 to discuss the key strategic changes needed to secure a brighter future for the UK’s National Health Service.

26 June 2023

Speakers from the healthcare professions, academia and the charity sector addressed topics including why poverty leads to a poor diet, the future of community food provision and the experience of paediatricians in understanding the causes of food insecurity.

22 June 2023

Professor Dame Lesley Fallowfield explains why it is important to improve patient-practitioner communication.

22 June 23

The Royal Society of Medicine is delighted to extend congratulations to RSM member Professor Dame Robina Shah on her investiture, which took place at Buckingham Palace last week.

22 June 2023

The lack of registration of medicines in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda is limiting access to safe, effective, and affordable essential medicine. 

20 June 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine offers warm congratulations to our members who have been recognised in His Majesty The King’s Birthday Honours List 2023. 

20 June 2023

A new learning module, powered by virtual reality, will train members of the Royal Society of Medicine how to manage difficult conversations with angry patients.

16 June 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) has secured a new collaborative partnership with the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) which offers career-enhancing benefits to BCS’ almost 3,000-strong membership.

09 June 2023

The RSM and edtech startup, Bodyswaps, have combined forces to deliver next-generation training modules through immersive artificial intelligence and virtual reality experiences.

09 June 2023

Miss Bhumi Shah, President of the RSM Students Section, talks about systematic reviews, tomorrow’s doctors, networking for medical students and access to medical school.

09 June 2023

JRSM Open author Dr Sarah Steele, calls for immediate, active intervention to address the pervasive issue of sexual misconduct in the NHS.

01 June 2023

Entries now open for the annual Sarah Hughes Trust prize for health or medical journalists exposing false or misleading information.

31 May 2023

Powerful personal stories, illustrating the complex interface between physical and mental health in people with a learning disability, were a stand-out feature of a recent RSM event.

26 May 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine invited Susan Ross, Head of Education and Learning at Changing Faces, the leading UK charity for those living with a visible difference, to share advice on how healthcare professionals can impact good mental health outcomes for people living with a visible difference.

22 May 2023

The latest exhibition at the RSM Library celebrates the life and works of Canadian physician Sir William Osler, 1849-1919.

19 May 2023

The RSM remembers Wyndham Lloyd Davies, renowned urologist and former President of the RSM Urology Section (1991-92), who died in March this year.

18 May 23

Matthew Taylor, Chief Executive of the NHS Confederation and one of the UK’s most influential health leaders, calls for a more ambitious national social contract for healthcare.

18 May 2023

Substantive changes are needed to improve patient safety in prisons, according to a new study published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).

16 May 2023

Following the annual BSACP conference, the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM), the British Society of Abortion Care Providers (BSACP), Doctors for Choice UK, My Body My Life and Abortion Talk wish to reaffirm our shared commitment to promoting best practice in education, training and research in abortion care.

11 May 2023

Health creation, rather than health care, should be our focus for a healthier society in the UK, Dr Heitmueller told a live audience at the Royal Society of Medicine.

11 May 2023

New research has found that the risk of long COVID is strongly associated with area-level deprivation, with the odds of having long COVID 46% higher for people from the most deprived areas, compared to those in the least deprived areas.

05 May 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine extends our warmest congratulations to His Majesty The King and Her Majesty The Queen on the occasion of their Coronation.

05 May 2023

Only one NHS Trust offers its staff training focused on how to intervene when they witness sexual harassment at work, according to new research published in JRSM Open.

03 May 2023

Voting has opened in three elections, with RSM members choosing three new Trustees and who will be their next President.

26 April 2023

The four candidates to be the next President of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) set out their visions for the organisation during a special Q&A session broadcast this week. 

26 April 2023

An exhibition by visual artist and RSM member Anupa Sahdev, currently on display in the RSM Library, showcases the often-unseen creative practices of clinicians, while concurrently exploring the creative influences and work of 19^th century poet-physician John Keats.

25 April 2023

The RSM Digital Health Section podcast has launched a new series with a new presenter, Dr Annabelle Painter.  

14 April 2023 

A new analysis of the carbon footprint of products used in the five most common surgical operations carried out in the NHS in England shows that 68% of carbon contributions come from single-use items, such as single-use gowns, patient drapes and instrument table drapes.

14 April 2023

Students convene world-leading speakers to offer insights, knowledge and practical workshops to help medical students and trainees decide on their future career paths.

14 April 2023

Professor Martin McKee considers why the UK has fallen down the global ranks for life expectancy and warns that we ignore the worsening health of our population at our peril.

14 April 2023

Professor Roger Kirby, President of the Royal Society of Medicine, reflects on the purpose and convening power of the Society and the conversations that matter in the interconnected world of healthcare today.

14 April 2023

Join Victoria Macdonald, Health and Social Care Editor at Channel 4 News, to hear the four presidential candidates set out their vision for the RSM and answer pre-submitted questions from RSM members.

14 April 2023

‘Inspiring young researchers is one of the best things about my work with Esme’s Umbrella.’ Charity leader Judith Potts describes her campaign to raise awareness of devastating visual hallucinations among people with sight loss.

14 April 2023

A new RSM Library exhibition by London based visual artist Anupa Sahdev, aims to re-humanise and give voice to clinicians by unmasking and showcasing their creative sides that are often unseen.

14 April 2023 

Dr Allyson Egan, President of the Nephrology Section at the Royal Society of Medicine, talks about the influence of big data sets, integrated care and multidisciplinary learning in renal medicine.

12 April 2023

Science must be embedded in every decision we make, if we are to meet the challenges facing governments around the world, says former Government Chief Scientific Advisor Sir Patrick Vallance.

30 March 2023

New and emerging treatments for painful neuropathies explored at Royal Society of Medicine clinical masterclass.

23 March 2023 

Join Victoria Macdonald, Health and Social Care Editor at Channel 4 News, to hear the four presidential candidates set out their vision for the RSM and answer pre-submitted questions from RSM members.

20 March 2023

Ongoing research, presented at the RSM, suggests that healthcare professionals are more reticent than patients about discussing the possibility of eye donation during end-of-life care.

16 March 2023

A new analysis of global rankings of life expectancy over seven decades shows the UK has done worse than all G7 countries except the USA.

8 March 2023

Around 50 recently joined members and their guests attended the Royal Society of Medicine for the latest new member reception.

8 March 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine marks this year's International Women's Day campaign theme #EmbraceEquity with members of the RSM Students Section.

3 March 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine has signed up to 10 commitments to address climate change, alongside other members of the UK Health Alliance on Climate Change.

27 February 2023

Experts gather at the Royal Society of Medicine to share the latest updates on pancreatic cancer surgery, predicted to become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the UK.

16 February 2023

Two medical students have been awarded the 2023 Norah Schuster prize for the history of medicine by the Royal Society of Medicine.

15 February 2023

A new comprehensive study of organ impairment in long COVID patients over 12 months shows organ damage persisted in 59% of patients a year after initial symptoms, even in those not severely affected when first diagnosed with the virus.

14 February 2023

An event at the RSM on olfactory dysfunction explored how smell loss has become a major avenue of research since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

10 February 2023

Digital systems for patients to monitor and report symptoms remotely may offer a solution to reduce outpatient waiting lists, according to a new review published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

10 February 2023

Royal Society of Medicine members gained insight into medicine in urban and rural Japan during their tour across the country last autumn.

10 February 2023

Dr Mashkur Khan, President of the Geriatrics and Gerontology Section at the Royal Society of Medicine, explains how the Section supports trainee development and his plans for cross-section work at the RSM.

10 February 2023

Professor Gillian Leng CBE, Dean of Education at the Royal Society of Medicine, talks about her role, how she is supporting learning at the RSM and some of the challenges facing the NHS.

10 February 2023

RSM Trustee Dr Samantha Shinde shares what led her to a career as an anaesthetist in a major trauma centre and how she has been involved in the drive for net zero in healthcare.

02 February 2023

The latest understanding of how stress in pregnancy affects the foetus was shared with healthcare professionals at a Royal Society of Medicine meeting last week.

10 February 2023 

Entering for an RSM prize or bursary offers the chance for recognition and a major career boost. See the latest prizes and find out when you should apply.

23 January 2023

The names of the successful applicants for the 2023 Ellison-Cliffe Travelling Fellowships have been announced.

20 January 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine is seeking nominations for its next President, to succeed Professor Roger Kirby, whose term ends in 2024.

19 January 2023

Professor Gillian Leng, Dean of Education at the Royal Society of Medicine, took part in a live Channel 4 News debate last night (Wednesday 18 January 2023) about the crisis in the NHS. 

18 January 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine has teamed up with edtech company Bodyswaps to develop exclusive healthcare training simulations powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR).

16 January 2023

A new exhibition of historical medical literature has opened at the Royal Society of Medicine, offering a glimpse into the many ways in which melancholy was understood during the early modern period (1550-1750).

12 January 2023

Professor Bola Owolabi calls on clinicians at Royal Society of Medicine conference to use their voices and influence to narrow the healthcare inequalities gap.

03 January 2023

The Royal Society of Medicine would like to congratulate all those who have been recognised in the New Year Honours List 2023. 

03 January 2023

Professor Sir Michael Rawlins, President of the Royal Society of Medicine from 2012 to 2014, has died.